宽粒径范围颗粒对气相膨胀的影响

利用双流体模型对固体火箭发动机喷管内气固两相流进行计算,研究了两相流中颗粒相与气相的相互作用,分析了颗粒粒径及颗粒质量分数对两相流中气相在喷管中膨胀的影响。结果表明,颗粒粒径造成两相流损失的大小是颗粒比表面积、气相湍流动能及颗粒在喷管内的滞留时间等因素共同作用的结果,两相流损失随着颗粒粒径的增大先增大、后减小,同时随着颗粒质量分数增大而增大;JPL喷管中粒径为2μm的颗粒造成的两相流损失最大,此粒径下,当颗粒质量分数从10％增大到40％时,两相流损失从10％增大到26％。     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

声能喷嘴供油级间驻涡燃烧室的性能试验

对一种采用声能喷嘴供油方式的级间燃烧室进行了性能试验研究.试验结果表明:当进口马赫数为0.20~0.40,燃烧室的熄火余气系数为25~35,燃烧室的稳定工作范围较宽;随余气系数增大,出口温度分布均匀性提高;燃烧效率为96%~98%,随余气系数减小,燃烧效率降低;进口马赫数对点火性能、熄火性能、出口温度分布和燃烧效率的影响较小;壁面热点温度出现在凹腔的后壁面;总压损失系数为0.03~0.11,热态时比冷态时高0.015左右; CO和NOx的排放指数分别为20~46和0.9~2.1,进口马赫数、余气系数均对污染物排放有较大影响.      

Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.      

双级波瓣引射混合器的引射性能

采用实验和数值方法对双级波瓣引射混合器的引射性能进行研究,重点研究混合管在两种不同进口方式下的引射混合器气动特征差异,并初步分析混合管面积比和长径比对双级波瓣引射混合器引射性能的影响.结果表明:混合管进口方式对引射能力有非常重要的影响,在研究的结构参数条件下,对于受限式进口,单级波瓣引射混合器的引射能力要强于双级波瓣引射混合器约10%;而对于敞开式进口,其引射能力要优于受限式进口最大约35%,此时双级波瓣引射混合器的引射能力要略好于单级波瓣引射混合器.在较大的混合管面积比或较小的长径比下,敞开式进口下双级波瓣引射混合器较受限式进口表现尤为优越.      

射线追踪法在球面收敛调节片喷管RCS计算中的应用

结合射线追踪法的原理,利用自主开发的电磁散射特性计算程序,对具有不同尾缘修型的球面收敛调节片喷管进行了数值模拟计算,分别得到了不同喷管内部腔体散射场和喷管出口边缘绕射场的雷达散射截面积(RCS),并且通过计算获得了不同入射方位角上喷管腔体内壁面上的感应电流,通过对感应电流的分析,从本质上解释了RCS的变化规律.研究结果表明:对喷管出口尾缘所采用的修型措施在降低喷管出口边缘绕射场的RCS和改善喷管电磁隐身性能方面效果显著;相对于普通的遮挡算法,射线追踪法将计算周期缩短了21%以上,明显地提高了计算效率;利用感应电流的分析方法能够清晰直观地从本质上解释RCS的变化规律,并且具有较高的可靠性.      

应用计算几何的月面太阳辐照度仿真模型

月面太阳辐照度对月面环境分析、月面巡视器设计具有重要意义。文章提出了一种应用计算几何的月面任意位置太阳辐照度仿真模型。首先,计算太阳、地球等天体相对月面点的位置;然后,将各天体投影至以月面点为球心的天球球面,并通过裁剪运算和二维布尔运算得到太阳未被遮挡的形状;最后,利用太阳可见面积对理想太阳辐照度模型进行修正,得到通用的模型。为验证提出模型的有效性,将仿真结果与STK软件进行比较。结果表明,文章中的模型综合考虑了地球、月面等多种因素对太阳辐射的耦合影响,其与STK软件获得的结果相比,更符合真实的太阳光照状态。     

固体火箭发动机喷管喉部凝相颗粒粒度分布实验

设计了一种新的收集固体火箭发动机喷管凝相颗粒的实验装置,针对典型的HTPB复合推进剂,开展了喷管喉部凝相颗粒的收集实验和粒度分析,研究了燃烧室压强和收敛角度对喷管喉部颗粒粒度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,喷管喉部的凝相颗粒在0.27～50μm之间都有颗粒存在,凝相颗粒主要集中在0.3～15μm之间,粒径大于15μm的颗粒较少;燃烧室压强对颗粒粒径有较大影响,随着燃烧室压强的升高,凝相颗粒粒径变小,粒度分布更为集中;燃烧室压强相同的条件下,收敛角度对喷管喉部的凝相颗粒粒度分布影响较小。     

某型直升机发动机尾喷管前转接段模态分析

某型直升机发动机出现的尾喷管裂纹故障主要发生在尾喷管前转接段焊缝周围。为分析故障原因,文章建立了该型发动机尾喷管结构的计算模型。对该型喷管整体结构进行了自由振动和模态分析,获得了该喷管模型的多阶自振频率和模态。将有限元分析结果和实验结果对比表明,两者所得的固有频率吻合性较好。     

流体控制矢量喷管启动过程的瞬态响应

采用三维非定常数值模拟方法对流体矢量喷管启动的瞬态响应过程进行了研究,给出了流场的演化特性及性能参数的响应时间.根据不同时刻的流场和壁面压力分布,分析后得到了注气附近射流扰动波系及漩涡的演化过程,并与上壁面压力分布相互印证.由性能参数(包括流量,推力系数,矢量角)的时间响应曲线发现:流量和推力系数在响应初始阶段存在剧烈波动,而矢量角是平稳变化,三者的响应时间在毫秒量级.